Fuel pressure regulators are a vacuum operated spring-loaded diaphragm that enables a vehicle’s fuel delivery system to maintain a constant pressure. When the vehicle is at idle the regulator is open allowing fuel to bypass the delivery system and go back into the tank. When the engine produces more vacuum under load the pressure regulator diaphragm closes and allows an increase in fuel volume to be provided to the injectors while maintaining a consistent pressure.
You will find fuel pressure regulators typically located at the end of the fuel rail on mechanical return systems, or at the fuel tank in mechanical return-less fuel delivery systems.
How Do Fuel Line Pressure Dampers Work?
Fuel pressure dampers look much like pressure regulators but function differently. They have a spring loaded diaphragm which absorbs the pulsations and pressure differentials that may occur each time an injector is turned on and off. These are typically seen on electronic return-less fuel systems. The vacuum port located on top of the damper is connected to manifold vacuum to avoid fuel spillage if the diaphragm in the damper should rupture.
How to Determine If A Regulator or Damper Is Malfunctioning?
Fuel Pressure Regulator – Is it leaking? Is the fuel pressure within specs? During operation does fuel pressure increase 8-10 psi when the vacuum supply is closed off?
Fuel Damper – Is it leaking? Does the fuel pressure tester have significant needle fluctuation during engine operation?
Potential Symptoms of A Failed Regulator Or Fuel Damper
- Scan Tool – P0172 or P0175 Codes
- High Negative Fuel Trim
- Exhaust System – Black Smoke
- Ignition System – Blackened Spark Plug Electrodes
- Poor Engine Performance
- Lubrication System – Gasoline in the Engine Oil
- Extended Crank/Hard Start
Since fuel pressure regulators and pulse dampers typically do not set codes and can negatively impact the operation of many more of the vehicles components, regulators and dampers should be inspected during annual fuel injection system cleanings or whenever engine management work is performed.
Check out all the fuel & emission system parts available on NAPA Online or trust one of our 17,000 NAPA AutoCare locations for routine maintenance and repairs. For more information on what is a fuel pressure regulator, chat with a knowledgeable expert at your local NAPA AUTO PARTS store.
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